Flashing OpenLog Firmware in Ubuntu Linux

I recently hit a bug in the Sparkfun OpenLog v1.1 firmware that left the device useless. I found out the hard way that version 1.1 only supports up to 255 log files. Once it hits this limit the firmware doesn't know what to do with itself and loops endlessly. This even prevents you from entering command mode where you could otherwise reset the log number. Nate Seidle at SparkFun quickly released an update, v1.2, to correct this problem I was having. But now I had to figure out how to flash the firmware on my OpenLog. It turns out the process is extremely easy in Ubuntu, but the GitHub documentation targets mostly Windows, so I decided to document the process for Ubuntu users from start to finish here.